Definition
Ionic Solids
Made up of positive and negative ions and held together by electrostatic attractions.
Theyre characterized by very high melting points and brittleness and are poor conductors in the solid state.
An example of an ionic solid is table salt, NaCl etc.
Theyre characterized by very high melting points and brittleness and are poor conductors in the solid state.
An example of an ionic solid is table salt, NaCl etc.
Definition
Covalent Solids
Made up of atoms connected by covalent bonds;
Characterized as being very hard with very high melting points and being poor conductors.
Examples of this type of solid are diamond and graphite, and the fullerenes etc.
Characterized as being very hard with very high melting points and being poor conductors.
Examples of this type of solid are diamond and graphite, and the fullerenes etc.
Definition
Metallic Solids
Made up of metal atoms that are held together by metallic bonds.
Characterized by high melting points, can range from soft and malleable to very hard, and are good conductors of electricity
Characterized by high melting points, can range from soft and malleable to very hard, and are good conductors of electricity
Definition
Amorphous - Non Crystalline Solids
Amorphous solids do not have much order in their structures. Though their molecules are close together and have little freedom to move, they are not arranged in a regular order as are those in crystalline solids.
Common examples of this type of solid are glass and plastics
Common examples of this type of solid are glass and plastics
Definition
Van der Walls force
Van der Waals forces' is a general term used to define the attraction of intermolecular forces between molecules.
There are two kinds of Van der Waals forces:
weak force - London dispersion force
stronge - Dipole - Dipole force
There are two kinds of Van der Waals forces:
weak force - London dispersion force
stronge - Dipole - Dipole force
Definition
Tensile Stress
Tensile stress (or tension) is the stress state leading to expansion, that is, the length of a material tends to increase in the tensile direction. The volume of the material stays constant. When equal and opposite forces are applied on a body, then the stress due to this force is called tensile stress.
Definition
Stress
The stress applied to a material is the force per unit area applied to the material. The maximum stress a material can stand before it breaks is called the breaking stress or ultimate tensile stress. Tensile means the material is under tension. The forces acting on it are trying to stretch the material.
Definition
Longitudinal Strain
When a body is subjected to an axial tensile or compressive load, there is an axial deformation in the length of the body. The ratio of axial deformation to the original length of the body is known as Longitudinal Strain.
Definition
Young's Modulus
Young's modulus , which is also known as the elastic modulus, is a mechanical property of linear elastic solid materials. It defines the relationship between stress (force per unit area) and strain (proportional deformation) in a material.
Definition
Deformation
Changes in an object's shape or form due to the application of a force or forces.
Example: Bending of steel rods and wires.
Example: Bending of steel rods and wires.
Definition
Compressive Stress
Compressive stress is the stress on materials that leads to a smaller volume. By compressive stress the material is under compression. Compressive stress to bars, columns, etc. leads to shortening. One can increase the compressive stress until compressive strength is reached.
Definition
Elastic Fatigue
The temporary loss of elastic properties because of the action of repeated alternating deforming force is called elastic fatigue.
Because of this property we are able to break wire by applying repeatating bending.
Because of this property we are able to break wire by applying repeatating bending.
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